Dietary Patterns and Levels of Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids in a Japanese Population

BACKGROUND Associations between dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease risk factors remain unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary patterns derived from factor analysis and the levels of blood pressure and serum lipids in a Japanese population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 6886 (in the analysis on blood pressure) and 7641 (in the analysis on serum lipids) Japanese subjects aged 40-69 years. Dietary patterns were identified from a food frequency questionnaire by factor analysis. Associations between dietary patterns and blood pressure and serum lipids were examined after taking potential confounders into account. RESULTS Three dietary patterns were identified: vegetable, meat, and Western. In men, the meat pattern was associated with higher total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The Western pattern was associated with higher total and LDL cholesterol. In women, the vegetable pattern was associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, and higher HDL cholesterol. The meat pattern was associated with higher total and HDL cholesterol. The Western pattern was associated with higher total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol, and the least intake pattern of Western diet was associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures. CONCLUSIONS Dietary patterns of a Japanese population were related to cardiovascular disease risk factors, especially in women.